Petrarch typically used an ABBA ABBA pattern for the octave, followed by either CDE CDE or CDC CDC rhymes in the sestet.Īt the turn of the 14th century there arrive early examples of the sonnet sequence unified about a single theme. In time, other variants on this rhyming scheme were introduced, such as CDC DCD or CDE DCE. For the sestet there were two different possibilities: CDE CDE and CDC CDC. Later, the ABBA ABBA pattern became the standard for Italian sonnets. Even in sonnets that do not strictly follow the problem/resolution structure, the ninth line still often marks a "turn" by signaling a change in the tone, mood, or stance of the poem. Typically, the ninth line initiates what is called the "turn", or " volta", which signals the move from proposition to resolution. First, the octave forms the "proposition", which describes a "problem" or "question", followed by a sestet (two tercets) which proposes a "resolution". The structure of a typical Italian sonnet as it developed included two parts that together formed a compact form of "argument". Among the host of other Italian poets that followed, the sonnets of Dante Alighieri and Guido Cavalcanti stand out, but later the most famous and widely influential was Petrarch. Guittone d'Arezzo rediscovered the sonnet form and brought it to Tuscany where he adapted it to Tuscan dialect when he founded the Siculo-Tuscan, or Guittonian school of poetry (1235–1294). The first five sonnets of Petrarch's Il Canzoniere "Tellingly, attempts to close off the sonnet from its Arabic predecessors depend upon a definition of the new lyric to which Giacomo's poetry does not conform: surviving in thirteenth-century recensions, his poems appear not in fourteen, but rather six lines, including four rows, each with two hemistiches and two "tercets" each in a line extending over two rows." In Ladha's view, the sonnet emerges as the continuation of a broader tradition of love poetry throughout the Mediterranean world and relates to such other forms as the Sicilian strambotto, the Provençal canso, the Andalusi Arabic muwashshah and zajal, as well as the qasida. Ladha notes that "in its Sicilian beginnings, the sonnet evinces literary and epistemological contact with the qasida", and emphasizes that the sonnet did not emerge simultaneously with its supposedly defining 14-line structure. In contrast, Hassanally Ladha has argued that the Sicilian sonnet's structure and content drew upon Arabic poetry and cannot be explained as an "invention" by Giacomo da Lentini or any other member of the Sicilian School. To this, da Lentini (or whoever else invented the form) added two tercets to the Strambotto in order to create the new 14-line sonnet form. William Baer suggests that the first eight lines of the earliest Sicilian sonnets are identical to the eight-line Sicilian folksong stanza known as the Strambotto.
The form consisted of a pair of quatrains followed by a pair of tercets with the symmetrical rhyme scheme ABABABAB CDCDCD, where the sense is carried forward in a new direction after the midway break. Peter Dronke has commented that there was something intrinsic to its flexible form that contributed to its survival far beyond its region of origin. The sonnet is believed to have been created by Giacomo da Lentini, leader of the Sicilian School under Emperor Frederick II. Impatience with the set form resulted in many variations over the centuries, including abandonment of the quatorzain limit and even of rhyme altogether in modern times. During that period, too, the form was taken up in many other European language areas and eventually any subject was considered acceptable for writers of sonnets. By the 13th century it signified a poem of fourteen lines that followed a strict rhyme scheme and structure.Īccording to Christopher Blum, during the Renaissance, the sonnet became the "choice mode of expressing romantic love". "little song", derived from the Latin word sonus, meaning a sound). The term "sonnet" is derived from the Italian word sonetto (lit. The earliest sonnets, however, no longer survive in the original Sicilian language, but only after being translated into Tuscan dialect. The 13th-century poet and notary Giacomo da Lentini is credited with the sonnet's invention, and the Sicilian School of poets who surrounded him then spread the form to the mainland. For other uses, see Sonnet (disambiguation).Ī sonnet is a poetic form that originated in the poetry composed at the Court of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in the Sicilian city of Palermo. This article is about the form of poetry.
0 kommentar(er)
